A new understanding of transfer RNA biology means researchers can assign up to 34 codons to amino acids of their choosing ...

Nevertheless, some preliminary steps have been taken. Researchers have managed to add some new amino acids to a bacterial ...

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) report in an upcoming article in the Journal of the American Chemical Society their synthesis of a form of the bacterium Escherichia coli with a ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...

I wonder if the pre-LUCA ribosome itself might have been radically different before we fixed on 20 amino acids? Obviously the protein scaffolding would be different, but also it could afford to be a ...